Local cultures are defended by people who want to guarantee them some dignity and raise them above their local level, as shown by the example of the Félibrige and its action in favor of the Provençal language and culture. Although people do not always use the concept of “nation” in a political sense, they are forced to abandon it so as not to be accused of separatism. There is room for regionalism between the local and the national frameworks. But a clash may emerge within this regional framework between those who accept to consider regional cultures as a component of the nation, and those who deny this restriction and refuse to confine their demands to the cultural field.