The Vichy period is important for the promotion of folklore and local culture taken in its sense at that time. Pétain and the Félibrige share a same nationalist and traditionalist ideology. But there exists concurrently an equally “local” and political culture of the French Resistance. It proceeds from regional and cultural realities, but as it failed to express them politically at the Liberation, it has revived the ambiguities of the pre-war years concerning a regional feeling that is again confined in “tradition”.