The authorin studies the formation and evolution of Ukrainian ethnography as a full science. She not only makes an inventory of written ethnologic testimonies – from the old chronicles on Ukraine in the feudal times to present (hitoriographic, typologic and ethnologic) research work – but also gives a wide commented bibliography and shows that Ukrainian ethnography did not assess itself smoothly : it had to go through periods of obscurantism (15th-17th century), of intense cultural blossoming (late 18th-early 20th century), of national repression and ideological dictature before succeeding in reaffirming and redefining itself in the sixties, as did ethnology and human sciences in general. Moreover, in Ukraine this evolution clearly appears to coincide with that of the university, of national conscience and culture.