This study concerns a group of Russian « old-believers », the Lipovan, settled in border countries of Russia (Rumania, Bulgaria and Ukraine), who still today claim their own culture and identity. The author successively examines the localization of these Lipovan settlements, the history of their geographic movements, their linguistic and cultural specificities, religious identity, historical evolution and continuous link with the past and lastly their relations with other ethnic and sub-ethnic groups in their countries of settlement.