On the basis of socialization modes the author analyses the gender role distribution and therefore the identity construction in Varsány (a traditional village of Northern Hungary). From a 1970-2004 fieldwork conducted in order to study how modernity had changed this environment he notes, for example, that work division and power asymmetry are getting progressively less rigid. But these changes remained superficial, as shown by two facts : first, the insufficient salaries that resulted in the devaluation of female jobs and in the fact that most women were sent back into the domestic sphere ; second, the gender-specific stereotyps learned in childhood, of which the clothing choice is one of their striking features.