The end of the two main ethnographic museums in France, the Musée de l’Homme and the national museum for Folk Arts and Traditions, is a symptom of a major shift in the discipline. The museum has been the backbone of French Anthropology and its great project of realizing an encyclopedic Inventory of the World. However ethnographic practice has shifted from the naturalistic paradigm of collecting to an interpretive model privileging interlocution and translation. Anthropology is a form of knowledge, based on a practice, which focuses not on Otherness, but on relations between different worlds. This experience of translators between worlds allows anthropologists to claim a significant place in the museums of tomorrow. These topics are illustrated with reference to a few experiments of exhibitions based on an ethnographic investigation, in France and Brazil.