The analysis of Breton agricultural and rural societies has often been organized according to a tradition-versus-modernity dichotomy. Now, it seems that the “modernity” of yesterday encounters difficulties to legitimize its practices and that the “traditions” of the past look less irrational. Are the experiments of alternative practices in rural contexts studied (aspaari and cedapa) the “new modernity” of the times? Or do we need to relinquish these axes and think of these realities in terms of struggle and cohabitation?