In New Caledonia, from 2007 to 2013, the upholders of judicial pluralism succeeded in sending victims under Kanak civil law status to courts headed by customary judges for compensation. This differentialist judicial practice was denounced by women’s and victims’ associations because the customary court rulings, based on principles of masculinity and seniority, discriminated against Kanak girls and women who had been victims of gender violence. This article retraces the history of this political and judicial controversy.