Attaining legitimacy in rural areas: Power dynamics and identities in neo-rural settlements in Ariège and the Massif central

Drawing on two long-term participant observation field studies in Ariège and the Massif Central, this article explores the settlement trajectories of neo-rural populations in the French countryside and the power dynamics they encounter. We document the legitimization strategies employed by “neo-rurals,” including the mobilization of diverse social capital, the demonstration of a strong work ethic, and an engagement with local traditional farming practices. We will demonstrate that, despite their efforts, neo-rurals find themselves in an unfavorable power relationship, with tensions surrounding their identity and economic status surfacing during certain conflictual events. By incorporating the interactions between neo-rurals, locals, and owners of second homes into our analysis, we will, however, temper the significance of autochthonous capital in their long-term integration. Rather than a purely “cultural” opposition, we will show how power relations based on class and gender dynamics play out in these settlements.